![]() Lynch, retired judge of the Missouri Court of Appeals-Southern District Hon. Allen Rostron, with the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law Stephanie O’Banion, chief deputy clerk of the federal Court of Appeals Hon. Tony Simones, director of The Missouri Bar Citizenship Education Department.ĭuring the session and moot court, the teachers heard from Prof. “This session is a unique opportunity to learn from experts in the field and to be exposed to a case being considered by the U.S. ![]() During the moot court, teachers argued various points regarding the constitutionality of affirmative action programs through the lens of the 14th Amendment’s equal protection clause. Supreme Court, Students for Fair Admissions v. The teachers also participated in a moot court of a case currently before the U.S. The 14th Amendment grants citizenship and outlines several citizenship rights, including “equal protection of the laws.” Through presentations from federal court legal experts and case study activities, teachers explored exactly what “equal protection” means and how it is being litigated in courts today. Jones, author of Birthright Citizens: A History of Race and Rights in Antebellum America in a Democracy Now! interview, How African Americans Fought For & Won Birthright Citizenship 150 Years Before Trump Tried to End It.On March 2, 35 social studies teachers gathered virtually for the 2023 Street Law Professional Development Workshop to learn from legal experts about the equal protection clause under the 14th Amendment and how it applies today, as well as gather materials and activities they can take back to their classrooms. Learn about issues of citizenship today and before the 14th Amendment from an interview with Martha S. Supposedly, the Amendment had been passed to protect Negro rights, but of the Fourteenth Amendment cases brought before the Supreme Court between 18, nineteen dealt with the Negro, 288 dealt with corporations. The grain elevator company argued it was a person being deprived of property, thus violating the Fourteenth Amendment’s declaration “nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.” The Supreme Court disagreed, saying that grain elevators were not simply private property but were invested with “a public interest” and so could be regulated.īy this time, the Supreme Court had accepted the argument that corporations were “persons” and their money was property protected by the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. ![]() Illinois) approved state laws regulating the prices charged to farmers for the use of grain elevators. However, in 1877, a Supreme Court decision ( Munn v. Very soon after the Fourteenth Amendment became law, the Supreme Court began to demolish it as a protection for Black, and to develop it as a protection for corporations. Howard Zinn writes in Chapter 11: Robber Barons and Rebels of A People’s History of the United States: Ferguson (1896) Supreme Court case which upheld the constitutionality of segregation and Jim Crow laws and Black codes. These liberties were undermined and limited after the Plessy v. Cruikshank that the 14th Amendment only applied to state actions and offered no protections against acts by individual citizens. When federal charges were brought against several white supremacists responsible for the Colfax Massacre against African Americans, the Supreme Court ruled in United States v. However, as described in the examples below, there were soon to be limitations on those protections. ![]() It is a remedy, a radical remedy, to bring millions of former slaves into the body politic, but it is written in a way that gives it a lasting and enduring effect, which is to make every person, regardless of race, and, I might say, regardless of religion, regardless of descent, regardless of political affiliations, make every person born in the United States a citizen of the United States. Constitution will provide that all persons born in the United States are citizens of the United States. As historian Martha Jones explains on Democracy Now,Īnd so, in 1868, after Congress has promulgated a 14th Amendment, the states will ratify it, and for the first time the U.S. The 14th Amendment was designed to grant citizenship to and protect the civil liberties of people recently freed from slavery. ![]() Thompson (left) with her daughter Addie Jean Haynes and Addie’s ten-year-old son Bryan Haynes holding up a poster-sized copy of the 14th Amendment at the NAACP Portland office in 1964. ![]()
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